As of the current date (January 7, 2021) and based on information provided by NASA, we have identified a total of 4,324 exoplanets. These are planets that exist outside of our own solar system.
However, when you consider that the Universe contains over 2 million million galaxies, each of which is populated by billions of stars, and that the majority of these stars have at least one orbiting planet, our knowledge of the planets is still very limited.
It is believed that only a minuscule fraction of the planets in our galaxy have been identified, amounting to a mere 0.0000008%. The Milky Way, which harbors an astonishing 400,000,000 million stars, remains largely unexplored. Despite our limited knowledge, particularly in the field of extragalactic planets, we have stumbled upon celestial bodies that defy the laws of physics.
These enigmatic worlds exhibit peculiar characteristics such as complete darkness, scorching temperatures exceeding 2500°C, ice that ignites, diamond cores, and showers of sapphires. Furthermore, we have encountered colossal planets, surpassing all expectations. The vastness of the universe is truly awe-inspiring, and delving into the realms of these extraordinary realms only reinforces this notion.
What are the largest planets in the universe?
Before we dive into our list and put everything into perspective, it’s important to remember that planet Earth, which may seem enormous to us, actually has a diameter of 12,742 kilometers. With that in mind, let’s embark on our cosmic journey.
But before we begin, there is one crucial point to note: planets cannot grow infinitely large; there is a limit. When a celestial body reaches about 80 times the mass of Jupiter (the largest planet in our solar system), nuclear fusion reactions ignite in its core, transforming it from a planet into a star.
10. Jupiter: 139,800 kilometers.
When it comes to the immense planets, our focus naturally turns to Jupiter. Not only is it the tenth largest planet in the vast expanse of the Universe, but all other celestial bodies are measured in comparison to its colossal dimensions.
Behold, the behemoth of our solar system! Jupiter boasts a diameter of 139,800 kilometers, a scale so grand that it could easily accommodate over 1,400 Earths within its enormous girth.
Similar to the other colossal planets we will explore, Jupiter is a gas giant, devoid of any solid surface. Its composition primarily consists of various gases, allowing it to attain such astronomical proportions. As we delve deeper into its core, these gases gradually transition into liquids, forming the very heart of the planet.
Jupiter’s atmosphere is predominantly composed of hydrogen and helium, featuring the renowned “Great Red Spot” – a tempest the size of two Earths, enduring for over 300 years, and boasting winds surpassing 400 km/h. Furthermore, it is an exceedingly frigid celestial body, boasting an average temperature of -121°C.
9. Osiris: 159,371 km
HD 209458b, which is also referred to as Osiris, is a distant planet that is situated 150 light-years away from our planet Earth. It stands out as the initial exoplanet whose atmosphere has been partially characterized through physical measurements, which has enabled us to ascertain the existence of oxygen and carbon in its atmosphere.
However, it is crucial to note that Osiris cannot be considered a habitable planet. The reason for this is its extremely close proximity to its star, as it is located only 7 million kilometers away from it (which is eight times closer than Mercury is to the Sun). Consequently, the temperature on Osiris is expected to exceed 5,700 degrees Celsius. Due to its close proximity to its star, Osiris completes one revolution around it in a mere three and a half Earth days. In other words, a year on Osiris is less than four Earth days long.
With a diameter of 159,371 kilometers, this gas giant is 1.14 times larger than Jupiter. While its mass is 220 times greater than Earth, it is actually less dense than Jupiter, with a mass that is only 0.7 times that of Jupiter.
8. TrES-4: 234,000 kilometers.
TrES-4, discovered in 2007, is an exoplanet that became one of the largest ever found at that time. It is located approximately 1,400 light-years away and has a diameter 1,674 times that of Jupiter, equivalent to 234,000 km.
This planet is quite peculiar, despite being almost twice the size of Jupiter, it has less mass. This gives rise to an enormous yet rare planet. The reason for its large size and low density remains unknown, as well as why it orbits so close to its star, just over 7 million kilometers away. By the way, the star itself could be four times brighter than our Sun. It is therefore not surprising that the temperature on this gas giant is approximately 1400 ° C.
7. HAT-P-32b: 250,100 km.
Continuing our exploration of the vastness of the galaxy, we come across HAT-P-32b in the seventh position. This colossal gas giant is located approximately 950 light years away from Earth and was first discovered in 2011.
With a diameter 1,789 times larger than that of Jupiter, HAT-P-32b measures a staggering 250,100 kilometers in size. Surprisingly, despite its immense proportions, this gas giant has less mass than Jupiter. Similar to the previously mentioned planets, HAT-P-32b orbits its star at an incredibly close distance of about 4.5 million kilometers. In fact, it is so close that it completes a full orbit in just over 50 hours. Unsurprisingly, this close proximity results in scorching temperatures that exceed 1600°C.
It is believed that these planets, including HAT-P-32b, can attain such colossal sizes due to various factors, including their high temperatures and other yet unknown factors. These conditions may allow them to consistently maintain extremely low densities.
6. WASP-12b: 250,242 km.
Although not a significant distance, WASP-12b surpasses its predecessors and claims the sixth spot. Discovered in 2008, this gas giant is located a staggering 870 light-years away from Earth. Like its predecessors, it orbits very close to its star.
In fact, its orbit is just over 3 million kilometers in radius. This proximity not only results in extremely high temperatures (over 2200°C), but also a bizarre phenomenon where the planet is actually being consumed by its star. Astonishingly, the star absorbs a staggering 6 billion tons of gas from WASP-12b every second.
At this rate, it is estimated that the planet will be completely devoured within the next 10 million years. In the meantime, we have the opportunity to witness a gas giant that is 1.79 times the diameter of Jupiter and 1.41 times its mass.
5. KOI-368.01: 255,800 km.
Ranked fifth is KOI-368.01, a planet beyond our solar system discovered in 2014. It is situated approximately 3,500 light-years away from Earth. This exoplanet has a diameter 1.83 times that of Jupiter, measuring 255,800 km.
What sets this planet apart is its orbit around its star. Although its distance from the star is relatively close (half the distance between Earth and the Sun), it is still more common compared to other exoplanets we have observed. This proximity results in a shorter orbital period of 110 days. Additionally, the temperature of KOI-368.01 is expected to be lower, although exact measurements are not available.
Due to these colder temperatures, its density is increased. This contributes to the grandeur of its size. Moreover, it is not just nearly double the size of Jupiter, but it also surpasses it in mass. In fact, the calculations suggest that it is approximately 2.2 times Jupiter’s mass.
4. WASP-17b: 279,600 kilometers.
We are facing the discovery of what is considered by many as the largest planet, despite the ongoing controversy. However, it ranks fourth in terms of size because the other three celestial bodies are on the boundary between being planets and stars. WASP-17b, on the other hand, is a gas giant from top to bottom.
WASP-17b is an exoplanet that was discovered in 2009 and is located 1,000 light-years away from Earth. There is some discrepancy in the measurements of its diameter, with some sources claiming it is 1.66 times the size of Jupiter while others suggest it is twice as big. This disagreement has led to uncertainty about whether WASP-17b is truly the largest planet. If its diameter is less than 1.88 times that of Jupiter, then the previously discussed planet would take the lead.
If we take into account that it is one of the few exoplanets ever found to orbit its star in the opposite direction of the star’s rotation (an extremely rare occurrence), we are not only dealing with the largest known planet, but also one of the most peculiar. Its size is precisely what sets it apart. Just a tad larger, and it would be considered one of the celestial objects we observe nearby.
3. ROX 42Bb: 339,714 kilometers.
After the first three positions, we encounter a challenging terrain. Now, we can discuss not just planets, but also what are known as “substellar satellites”. These celestial bodies are too large to be classified as planets, but too small to be considered stars.
Due to their immense mass, they were on the verge of becoming stars. However, they ultimately fell short and ended up in a state of limbo. They do not belong to any particular territory. The stars do not claim them as their own, and neither do the planets.
A prime example of such a substellar satellite is ROXs 32Bb. This planet-like celestial body orbits a star located approximately 460 light-years away from Earth. It was on the brink of forming a binary star system with this star, but its mass was insufficient to trigger the fusion reactions in its core that are characteristic of a star.
The size of this planet is 2.43 times larger than Jupiter, measuring approximately 340000 km in diameter. The conditions on this planet are expected to be incredibly harsh, with exceptionally powerful winds and temperatures reaching around 1700 ° C. However, what truly astounds scientists is its mass, which is nine times greater than Jupiter’s. This indicates that this planet was on the verge of becoming a star.
2. GQ Lupi b: 419,400 km.
GQ Lupi b is the second largest known “planet”. It should be noted that these celestial bodies are on the border between planets and stars. In fact, they are stars that failed in the formation process and collapsed halfway through.
Nevertheless, if we classify it as a planet, it is a gas giant located approximately 500 light years away from Earth. It was discovered in 2005 and was one of the first exoplanets to be “photographed” using the VLT telescope in Chile.
GQ Lupi b possesses numerous peculiarities. One of these is its remarkably vast distance from its star, surpassing that between the Earth and the Sun by a staggering factor of 100. Consequently, it requires approximately 1,200 years to complete a single orbit around its star.
However, that is not the only peculiarity. Despite being situated at such a distance, its atmospheric temperature would still reach approximately 2,300 degrees Celsius. This serves as compelling evidence that our estimations may be inaccurate, and it is plausible that GQ Lupi b is, in fact, a brown dwarf – a star with very low energy.
Until proven otherwise, GQ Lupi b stands as the second largest known “planet”, boasting a diameter three times larger than that of Jupiter, equating to a size of nearly 420,000 km. Estimating its mass proves to be quite challenging, although it is believed to be 2-36 times greater than Jupiter.
1. HD 100546b: 986,000 km.
The undisputed ruler. HD 100546b is located precisely on the boundary between a gas giant and a brown dwarf. Situated 320 light years away from our planet and having been detected in 2014, we come across a celestial body that has completely shattered our preconceived notions.
It is an “illuminating” planet with a temperature of approximately 700°C, yet it does not qualify as a star in the traditional sense. With a diameter seven times that of Jupiter and a mass 60 times greater, it was previously believed to be inconceivable for such a massive object to exist without being a star. However, HD 100546b is poised to challenge this notion and demonstrate that the more we uncover about the vastness and mysteries of the universe, the more astounded we become.
In the future, mankind will have to surrender to reveal the myriad of enigmas hidden within our Universe. The vast expanse of space is teeming with pulsars, planets, stars, countless black holes, spacecraft, and other celestial entities.
It is a challenging task to estimate the number of planets in the universe that harbor life and whether there exist other intelligent beings within the vast expanse of space. The sheer magnitude of planets and their varied sizes make the existence of such possibilities more than plausible. Undoubtedly, the largest planets in the cosmos lie beyond our own solar system. These planets that orbit stars other than our Sun are known as exoplanets. Now, let’s delve into the realm of the largest planets in the universe. Presented below is a compilation of the ten largest planets known to humankind, along with a ranking of the largest planets within our own solar system.
The most enormous celestial bodies in the vast expanse of the Universe
10. 55 KELT-9b – the most scorching known planet
KELT-9b is positioned an astounding distance of over 620 light-years from our own planet. It can be found in the Swan constellation, which is visible in the sky of the northern hemisphere. The temperature of the uppermost layer of its atmosphere surges to an astonishing 4,000 degrees Celsius. As of now, this particular planet holds the esteemed title of being the hottest among all the known exoplanets. The discovery of KELT-9b was made in the year 2016 by American scientists conducting research at the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope Observatory.
KELT-9b revolves around a scorching white star that reaches temperatures of 10,500˚C. The duration of a year on this planet is relatively brief, lasting a mere 1.5 days. The parent star radiates twice as brightly as the Sun, resulting in intense heating of the planet. The proximity of KELT-9b to its star is another contributing factor to its extreme conditions, as they are separated by a mere 4.5 million kilometers, which is 13 times closer than the distance between Mercury and the Sun.
The complete surface of KELT-9b is undergoing a perpetual boiling process: as a result of the constant heating, hydrogen molecules are unable to maintain their structure, causing them to break down into atoms and migrate to the opposite side of the celestial body, where they recombine due to the lower temperature. This process gives rise to the formation of metallic vapors, which in turn create clouds that precipitate molten metal onto the planet’s surface as they make contact with the colder side. Over time, KELT-9b is gradually disintegrating: it has expanded in size due to the intense heat and is now accompanied by an enormous comet-like tail.
WASP-12b is a celestial body that revolves around a star called WASP-12. Its discovery was made in the year 2008. This planet is known for having an extremely low density compared to others.
It completes one orbit around its host star in approximately 24 hours, meaning that a full year on WASP-12b is equivalent to a single day on Earth.
In the year 2013, researchers made a fascinating discovery – they found evidence of water on the surface of the enigmatic planet known as WASP-12b. However, their investigations didn’t stop there. A mere 12 months later, they stumbled upon an even more astonishing revelation – this peculiar celestial body has the uncanny ability to absorb an astounding 94% of the light that manages to reach its surface. Such a phenomenon defies conventional wisdom and raises countless questions about the nature of this enigmatic world.
Furthermore, scientists have observed that the temperature on WASP-12b is highly variable. On the side that is perpetually facing its parent star, the heat is scorching, reaching a maximum temperature of a mind-boggling 2,200˚C. However, on the opposite side, the temperature is significantly lower, creating a stark contrast. This stark disparity in temperature adds another layer of intrigue to the already mysterious nature of this distant planet.
8. 51 Pegasus b – The First Planet Discovered in its System
51 Pegasus b, the first planet found in its system, orbits a star that shares similar characteristics with the Sun. These types of planets are commonly referred to as hot Jupiters. Recently, scientists have confirmed the presence of water in the atmosphere of this newly discovered planet.
The discovery of 51 Pegasus b took place in 1995, with French scientists being the first to observe its existence. This exoplanet completes one revolution around its parent star in just 4 Earth days and reaches an orbital velocity of 136 km/h. Currently, it is believed that the planet has a uniform gray appearance and lacks any greenhouse or tidal effects. Additionally, the surface temperature of 51 Pegasus b is an astounding 1,000˚C.
The majority of the planet is made up of hot gases, which is why it emits a vibrant red light. 51 Pegasus b is constantly facing its parent star on one side, while the other side remains in darkness. As a result, the temperature on this planet is uneven: it is higher on the side that is exposed to the star similar to our Sun, and lower on the side that is hidden from it.
7. HAT-P-32b
HAT-P-32b was detected in 2011 and promptly identified as one of the most massive exoplanets known to date. It resides in the Andromeda constellation, situated between Cassiopeia and Pegasus.
Comparison of Planet HAT-P-32b and Jupiter
Interestingly, despite its larger size, HAT-P-32b has a relatively lower mass. The planet is highly inflated, and the exact cause of this phenomenon is still unknown. However, it is believed that the low density is a result of the parent star’s gravitational pull, causing mass loss from HAT-P-32b. Additionally, the planet is rapidly losing gas due to its extremely high temperature of 1,888˚C.
6. XO-6b
XO-6b was first identified as a colossal gas planet a few years back. This celestial body is situated an impressive 768 light years away from our home planet.
When comparing Planet XO-6b to Jupiter, it can be observed that their orbits differ significantly. While Jupiter has a wide orbit, the orbit of XO-6b is quite narrow. Additionally, the duration of a year on XO-6b is much shorter, not exceeding 4 Earth days.
XO-6, the parent star of XO-6b, is a very small and nearly invisible star.
5. OTS 44: One of the Coldest Planets in the Universe
OTS 44, a large brown dwarf, is located in the constellation Chameleon, approximately 550 light years away from Earth.
Unlike most planets, OTS 44 does not have a fixed orbit. Instead, it freely roams through space. This kind of behavior is typically associated with asteroids, not planets. Because it lacks a parent star, OTS 44 relies on the galactic center as its axis of rotation. This unique characteristic has earned it the name of a wandering or orphan planet.
OTS 44 is an itinerant planet.
Discovered in 1998, OTS 44 became one of the earliest known rogue planets. Due to the absence of a heat-emitting parent star, it is also regarded as one of the most frigid in the cosmos.
4. ROXs 42Bb
Once upon a time, ROXs 42Bb held the prestigious title of being the largest planet in the entire universe, but it has since been demoted to the fourth spot in the rankings. Located a staggering 420 thousand light years away from our beloved Earth, this gigantic planet proudly resides in the constellation known as the Serpentine.
What truly captivates scientists about ROXs 42Bb is its colossal size. Unfortunately, this immense planet is completely inhospitable to life as we know it. Both the planet’s scorching surface and its surrounding atmosphere boast a sizzling temperature of 1,700˚C, making it utterly impossible for even the most basic forms of life to exist.
The formation of Planet ROXs 42Bb remains a mystery. Currently, there are two primary hypotheses regarding its origins. According to one theory, the planet originated from a dust cloud, while the other suggests that it was the result of a thermonuclear reaction.
DH Tauri b is an enormous exoplanet situated 440 light years distant from Earth. It falls into the category of gas giants.
Despite being one of the largest planets in the Universe, the planet and its parent star cannot be observed with the naked eye – a telescope is required.
2. TYC 8998-760-1 b
TYC 8998-760-1 b is an exoplanet that orbits the parent star TYC 8998-760-1. It can be observed in the Fly constellation and is located 309 light-years away from Earth.
TYC 8998-760-1 b is in orbit around a relatively young star. This star is only 17 million years old, which is considered young in the vast universe. Because of its young age, the planets orbiting this star are still in the process of formation and cannot be seen through a telescope.
Scientists discovered TYC 8998-760-1 b in the year 2020.
HD 100546 b is known as the largest exoplanet discovered to date. Initial data on this gas giant were acquired in 2013, and it is intriguing to note that its characteristics are not fixed but rather exhibit variability, with ongoing growth.
HD 100546 b holds the title of being the most massive planet in the entire Universe.
Located a staggering 337.3 light-years away from Earth, HD 100546 b possesses its very own protoplanetary disk. Essentially, this means that the planet is still surrounded by the necessary materials for the creation of future planets.
In cosmic terms, HD 100546 b is relatively young, with an age of a mere 10 million years.
Comparison of the biggest planets in the solar system
There are currently eight known planets in the solar system (Pluto is no longer classified as a planet). Let’s examine them, beginning with the tiniest and concluding with the largest.
Comparison of the planets in our solar system
8. Mercury
Mercury is the planet that is closest to the Sun and is also the smallest in size. It is most visible during the early morning and evening twilight.
One year on Mercury is equivalent to 88 Earth days, while one solar day on the planet lasts for 176 Earth days.
The entire surface of Mercury is covered with irregularities, known as “wrinkles”, that were formed as a result of changes in the state of its core. Once hot, the core has cooled and contracted, resulting in the top layer being covered with long and irregular depressions.
There are scientists who believe that Mercury’s core remains in a molten state.
The temperature on the side of Mercury facing the Sun reaches 427˚C, while the temperature on the shadowed side of the planet drops to -173˚C. Mercury lacks an atmosphere, which means that heat cannot be evenly distributed across its surface.
If the ranking of planets was based not on their size, but on the number of craters covering their surface, Mercury would undoubtedly take the first place. Some craters on Mercury have a diameter exceeding 250 km, with the largest one being considered the Plain of Heat.
Mercury consists of approximately 70% metal, while the remaining portion is made up of silicate materials. The core of the planet is believed to make up nearly half of its total volume. The outer layer of Mercury is represented by its crust, which varies in thickness ranging from 100 to 300 km.
7. Mars
Mars is visible to the naked eye in the sky. It appears as a small reddish spot shining against a dark blue background. Mars is located right behind Earth in our solar system. It has two moons, Phobos and Deimos. The climate on Mars is similar to that of Earth, but much colder and drier.
The most notable feature of Mars is its topography: the entire surface is covered with craters, resembling those found on the Moon. In addition to craters, Mars is also home to a multitude of volcanoes, as well as long valleys and deserts.
Mars completes its orbit around the Sun in a span of 687 days. The length of a day on the planet is 24 hours and 40 minutes.
Mars is famously referred to as the Red Planet due to its abundant presence of iron oxide in the soil, which gives it a vibrant red-orange hue.
During winter, the temperature on Mars plummets to -153˚C, while in summer it can rise up to +30˚C. The planet’s atmosphere is extremely thin and its magnetic field is notably weak. The atmospheric composition primarily consists of carbon dioxide, but due to its thinness, the greenhouse effect is not prominent.
Water does exist on Mars, albeit not in a liquid form. Scientists strongly believe that vast oceans lie concealed beneath the planet’s surface.
Venus, the second planet from the Sun, is located approximately 108 million kilometers away from its parent star, making it one of the hottest planets in the solar system. Its dense atmosphere makes it challenging to observe its surface, even with advanced technology.
Throughout the 20th century, scientists have relied on radio waves to explore Venus, as they are able to penetrate the planet’s sulfur clouds and reveal the mysteries hidden beneath them.
Venus has an almost perfect circular orbit. Its year is shorter than Earth’s, lasting only 225 days. However, it rotates much slower on its axis, with one day on Venus being equal to 247 Earth days.
The planet Venus began forming over 4.5 billion years ago. The Sun was the first to form, around which a vast amount of cosmic dust revolved. These particles collided and merged to form larger objects, eventually giving rise to Venus.
Scientists believe that Venus has not always been as hot as it is now. Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that there may have been oceans of water on the planet, based on the features of its surface. Approximately 400 million years ago, Venus underwent a transformation, causing the water to disappear and the surface to become solid rock.
Venus is known for having the densest atmosphere, composed mostly of carbon dioxide. Nitrogen and sulfur are also present. The dense atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect, resulting in temperatures that never drop below 460˚C.
Interestingly, many research vehicles sent to Venus have failed before even reaching the planet’s surface. Currently, the record for the longest working probe on Venus is just under 2 hours after entering the planet’s atmosphere.
Venus does not have any natural satellites orbiting around it. However, there is a scientific theory that suggests that Venus might have had satellites in the past, but they eventually got absorbed by the gravitational pull of the Sun. Another possible explanation for the absence of satellites could be the occurrence of meteorite impacts that disrupted their orbits.
5. Earth
Earth stands out as the only known planet in the universe where life exists. Similar to the other planets, it was formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago, emerging from a vast protoplanetary cloud that inhabited its current position.
The composition of the atmosphere consists of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. As for the core of the Earth, it mainly consists of iron and nickel, with minor traces of iron and silica.
The majority of the Earth’s surface is covered by the ocean, and it is the abundance of water that has facilitated the development of life on our planet. The initial organisms emerged in water and eventually transitioned to land over time.
4. Neptune
Neptune is the outermost planet in our solar system and is classified as a gas giant. It earned its name due to the distinctive blue hue of its surface, which is attributed to the presence of significant amounts of methane.
The distance between Earth and Neptune varies between 4.3 and 4.53 billion kilometers. Due to its considerable distance, observing the planet requires specialized equipment.
Neptune follows an almost perfectly circular orbit around the Sun. It completes one orbit every 165 Earth years and travels at a speed of 5.45 km/s. The days on Neptune are relatively short, lasting only 16 Earth hours.
The composition of Neptune’s atmosphere includes a mixture of liquid methane and ammonia, which accounts for about 20% of the planet’s total mass. Despite its blue appearance, Neptune is far from being a cold planet, with surface temperatures ranging from 1,700 to 4,700 °C.
Neptune is known for its incredibly strong winds, which can reach speeds of up to 1,000 kilometers per hour.
It wasn’t until 1989, 120 years after its initial discovery, that scientists confirmed the existence of Neptune’s rings. In total, Neptune has 5 rings, each with a curved shape and composed of silicon salts, ice, and cosmic dust.
In addition to its rings, Neptune is host to a remarkable 14 satellites, although this number may increase in the future as more are discovered.
In 1781, Uranus was discovered. Despite the fact that the planet is clearly visible from Earth, scientists initially mistook it for a star and did not give it the attention it deserved.
Uranus is composed mostly of ice, which makes it one of the lightest of the giant planets. Its unique characteristic is its sideways movement, similar to a rolling child’s ball, rotating clockwise. The poles of Uranus constantly alternate their orientation towards the Sun. It takes Uranus 84 Earth years to complete one full revolution. Due to its constantly shifting magnetic field, it is impossible to determine which pole is the south and which is the north.
Uranus has an impressive number of 27 natural satellites, with 13 being inner satellites, 5 being large, and 9 being irregular in shape.
Uranus possesses an atmosphere composed of three distinct layers, which begins at a distance of 300 km from the outer edge of the planet’s mantle. In addition to helium and hydrogen, the atmosphere also comprises ammonia and methane. It is this methane that gives Uranus its stunningly captivating blue radiance.
Uranus holds the title for being the most frigid planet in our solar system, with surface temperatures plummeting to a bone-chilling -224˚C. This icy giant’s internal heat source generates frequent thunderstorms and powerful winds in its atmosphere. Chemical elements present on Uranus have been proven to aid in the creation of basic organic matter. Beneath its surface, a liquid ocean surrounds the planet’s core. If not for the immense pressure, life might have a chance to thrive in this unique environment. However, the extreme cold would necessitate the existence of organisms vastly different from those found on Earth.
2. Saturn
Saturn is located 1.4 billion kilometers away from the Sun. The planet has a rotational velocity of 9.69 km/h, although this can vary depending on Saturn’s position in space. A year on Saturn lasts for 759 days.
The surface of Saturn is characterized by its low density, consisting primarily of molecular hydrogen in a vapor state. Interestingly, if you were to place the planet in water, it would not sink due to its low density. At the core of Saturn lies a solid core, which reaches temperatures of up to 11,700˚C. The composition of the core is similar to that of Earth’s.
Above the surface of Saturn, there are dense clouds that are divided into two layers. The lower layer consists of a mixture of water and ammonium hydrosulfide, while the upper layer is made up of ammonia crystals.
Saturn shares a similar structure to Jupiter, as it is also comprised of two distinct layers. The outer layer spans over 18,500 km and is primarily composed of molecular hydrogen.
Due to the reactions taking place within the planet, Saturn emits a significant amount of radiation into the surrounding space.
Out of all the planets within our solar system, Saturn boasts the most visually striking rings – a total of seven. Each ring is comprised of numerous smaller rings that are densely packed together. These rings are believed to have formed around Saturn as a result of the destruction of its own satellite, which consisted predominantly of ice. When the satellite approached Saturn too closely, the planet’s gravitational forces caused it to disintegrate. The resulting fragments scattered into space and eventually coalesced to form the iconic rings.
Around Saturn, there are 62 known satellites in orbit. Some of these satellites are quite small, with a radius not exceeding 5 kilometers.
1. Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System
Jupiter holds the title for being the largest planet in our solar system. It belongs to the group of gas giants. Scientists attribute its impressive size to the fact that it formed early on and was positioned relatively close to the Sun during its formation stage, allowing it to capture a significant amount of surrounding substances and gases.
Jupiter follows an elliptical path around the Sun. It completes one full revolution every 12 years, traveling at a speed of 46,800 km/h.
The surface temperature of Jupiter reaches as low as -107˚C, while deeper within the planet it rises to a scorching +156˚C. The planet’s atmosphere consists mainly of helium and hydrogen, similar to that of the Sun. It also contains various aerosols, ice, water, and ethane in smaller quantities.
Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, is also the fastest rotating planet in our star system, with a day lasting only 10 hours. Interestingly, its surface is often plagued by hurricanes and storms that can reach speeds of up to 600 km/h.
The majority of Jupiter is obscured by dense clouds of both brown and white hues.
Jupiter boasts an impressive 79 satellites, the highest number among all the planets in our system. Additionally, the rings surrounding the planet consist of a combination of cosmic dust and fine ice chips.
Examining the Size Difference Between Jupiter, the Sun, and Earth
If you have a taste for the finest things in the universe, this article is tailored for you. If you also have a fascination with the cosmos and enjoy discovering intriguing space facts, then you will find this article truly captivating.
Today, we will explore the question of which celestial body in the solar system holds the title for being the largest. However, let’s begin by establishing some fundamental principles.
The most massive planets in our solar system
Compared to other celestial bodies, Earth falls into the category of “small planets” within our solar system. However, we will now discuss the largest cosmic entities that reside within our solar system.
Presently, you will discover fascinating and little-known facts about the distinct characteristics of the planets in our solar system.
Planet Classification
In order to understand the different types of planets, it is important to first divide the solar system into two parts using the main asteroid belt:
- The first part consists of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars;
- The second part includes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune;
- Finally, there is Pluto and the Kuiper belt at the very end.
Astronomers have labeled the first four celestial bodies as “terrestrial planets.”
Aside from their location in outer space, these planets share similar characteristics such as a core made of metals and silicon, as well as a mantle and crust. Earth has the largest volume among them.
Astronomers refer to the next four planets as “gas giants.” These planets are considerably bigger than the ones in the Earth category. What sets the largest planets apart is their abundance of different gases, including hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and helium.
What is the classification of Pluto?
In 2006, researchers made the decision to classify Pluto as a dwarf planet, specifically as one of the dwarf planets located in the Kuiper belt. Astronomers have determined that Pluto does not meet the criteria necessary to be considered a full-fledged planet.
The primary argument for this classification is that Pluto does not have enough mass to clear its orbit of other objects. As a result of these scientific findings, the solar system now consists of one fewer planet, with the traditional count of 9 planets being revised.
The biggest planet in our solar system is Jupiter, a gas giant. According to astronomers, Jupiter has played a crucial role in shielding Earth from meteors.
All About Jupiter
Now that we know Jupiter is the largest planet, let’s explore some fascinating details about it.
The immense magnitude
Jupiter’s size is absolutely mind-boggling, as it is 1300 times larger in volume than Earth. To put it into perspective, imagine if Earth were the size of a tiny pea, then Jupiter would be equivalent to a massive basketball in comparison.
Comparison of the sizes of Jupiter and Earth
In addition, Jupiter is large enough to contain all 8 other planets in the solar system, as we discussed in our interesting space facts.
What is even more astonishing is the speed at which this massive planet rotates. Jupiter completes one full rotation on its axis in just 10 hours, moving at a speed of 13.07 km/s.
It takes 12 Earth years for Jupiter to complete one orbit around the Sun, considering that it is 5 times farther away from the Sun than our Earth. However, this time frame is relatively short.
A transient expanse
Were you aware that venturing onto the expanse of Jupiter is an impossibility? This is due to the fact that the atmosphere of the colossal planet is composed of helium and hydrogen in a ratio of 1:9.
When observing pictures of Jupiter, one can easily detect distinct striped patterns present on the planet. These patterns are actually clouds, with light-colored zones alternating with red-brown belts.
Between these cloud formations, there are powerful wind currents known as jets, which can move in various directions.
The prominent characteristic of Jupiter
Another remarkable feature of Jupiter is the Great Red Spot (GRS), which is the largest atmospheric vortex in our solar system.
No other planet has been found to have formations with the same brightness and longevity as the GRS. Interestingly, the GRS has the ability to move around Jupiter, only changing its longitude while maintaining a consistent latitude for over 350 years.
Furthermore, the spot has exhibited periods of growth and shrinkage, but the overall trend is a downward decrease.
As per the most recent findings by scientists, The Great Red Spot is an enormous anticyclone that completes one full rotation every 6 days.
Ranked as the second largest planet in our solar system.
Saturn, which is the second largest planet in our solar system, can be easily identified in photographs due to its distinct and stunning rings.
Incidentally, all gas giants possess identical rings, albeit not as conspicuous. Their composition includes ice particles, along with heavy elements and cosmic dust.
Methane, helium, hydrogen, and ammonia are also present in Saturn, and the surface is characterized by constant winds.
Ice giants
After Saturn, the next largest planets in the solar system are Uranus and Neptune. These planets are referred to as ice giants due to their lack of metallic hydrogen and their abundance of ice.
Uranus is particularly unique because of its tilted axis. This planet is essentially tilted on its side, resulting in the sun’s rays only illuminating its poles at alternating times.
Neptune, on the other hand, experiences constant and powerful winds. It also has a distinctive feature resembling the Great Red Spot, which astronomers have named the Great Dark Spot (also known as GDS-89).
Therefore, it is important to note that while Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are also giant planets with their own distinct characteristics.
To be honest, the scientific community has a limited understanding of the events occurring within our solar system, let alone the vast expanse of the Universe.
Without a doubt, the future promises numerous captivating revelations.
When we speak of the “Universe,” we are referring to an infinite expanse that knows no boundaries, teeming with galaxies, pulsars, quasars, black holes, and matter. Galaxies, in turn, consist of clusters of stars and star systems.
Take, for instance, the Milky Way galaxy, which boasts an impressive collection of 200 billion stars. Among these stars, the Sun may not be the most massive or luminous. Moreover, our solar system, with its array of planets including Earth, is not the sole planetary system in the vast Universe. In the subsequent discussions, we will delve into the grandeur of both the biggest and smallest planets within the Solar System and the Universe as a whole.
The biggest planet in our solar system
Jupiter, which is situated at the 5th position in terms of its proximity to the Sun, is widely acknowledged as the largest planet in the entire Solar System. The planet has a radius of 69,911 kilometers.
Curious information about Jupiter
- Earth’s protection against comets and other celestial objects is provided by Jupiter’s gravitational force.
- The core temperature of Jupiter is a scorching 20,000 °C.
- Instead of solid ground, Jupiter is covered by a turbulent ocean of boiling hydrogen.
- Jupiter’s mass is 1.8986*10^27 kg, which is 2.5 times greater than the combined mass of all other planets in the solar system.
Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun, has a radius of 2,439.7 km.
Fun facts about Mercury
- Mercury is the sole planet in our solar system that lacks natural satellites.
- A day on Mercury is equal to 176 Earth days.
- The first documentation of Mercury dates back 3,000 years.
Scientists predict that in the next thousand years, Betelgeuse will undergo a transformation into a supernova star due to its rapid aging, despite the fact that it was formed relatively recently, just a few million years ago. This event will be a remarkable spectacle for our future generations, considering that Betelgeuse is a mere 640 light years away from Earth.
RW Cepheus is a star located in the Cepheus constellation, and it is also known as a red hypergiant. However, there is still ongoing debate among scientists regarding its size. Some argue that the radius of RW Cepheus is equivalent to 1260 times the radius of the Sun, while others believe it should be measured at 1650 times the radius of the Sun. This stellar object is situated at a distance of 11,500 light years from Earth.
KW Sagittarius is a red supergiant situated in the Sagittarius constellation. It is located 10,000 light years away from the Sun and has a radius equivalent to 1,460 times that of the Sun.
Known as KW Sagittarius, this celestial body is a star located in the constellation of the Swan and is situated at a staggering distance of 5,000 light years away from Earth. Despite extensive research, scientists have yet to capture a definitive image of this enigmatic object, leading to ongoing debates regarding its actual size. The prevailing belief among experts is that the radius of KW Sagittarius measures 1420 times that of the Sun. However, an alternative theory posits that the radius could be as high as 2850 times that of our own Sun.
V354 Cepheus is a cosmic giant and a star that changes its brightness in the Milky Way. The radius of V354 Cepheus is 1520 times larger than the Sun. This celestial body is located at a relatively short distance from our planet, just 9,000 light-years away.
WOH G64. An enormous red hypergiant situated in the Goldfish constellation, which is part of the diminutive galaxy known as the Large Magellanic Cloud. WOH G64 is a massive star, measuring 1540 times the size of the Sun and weighing 40 times more.
V838 of the Unicorn is a red variable star located in the constellation Unicorn. It is estimated to be approximately 20,000 light years away from Earth, which means that the calculations regarding its size are only approximate. Currently, it is widely believed that V838 Unicorn is about 1170-1970 times larger than the Sun.
Mu Cepheus, also referred to as Herschel’s garnet star, is a red supergiant that can be found in the Cepheus constellation within the Milky Way Galaxy. One of the most notable features of Mu Cepheus is its immense size, as it is approximately 1,650 times larger than our Sun. Additionally, this star stands out due to its extraordinary brightness, being more than 38,000 times brighter than the Sun. In fact, it is regarded as one of the most luminous objects within the Milky Way.
VV Cepheus A is a red hypergiant located in the constellation Cepheus and is approximately 2,400 light-years away from Earth. It has a size that is 1,800 times larger than the Sun and a mass that exceeds the Sun’s mass by 100 times. Scientific research has confirmed that component A of VV Cepheus is a physically variable star that pulsates with a periodicity of 150 days.
VY in the Big Dog constellation. This red hypergiant is the largest star in the universe and is located in the constellation of the Big Dog. Its distance from Earth is approximately 5,000 light years. In 2005, scientists determined that the radius of VY in the Big Dog is equivalent to 2,000 times the radius of the Sun, and its mass exceeds that of the Sun by 40 times.
1. The magnetic field of the Earth. The presence or absence of the Earth’s magnetic field, although not visible to the naked eye, can be accurately detected using advanced instruments. Our planet functions as a massive magnet, providing protection against cosmic radiation emitted by the solar wind – a stream of highly charged particles released by the Sun.
The magnetic field of the Earth serves as a shield, preventing cosmic particles from penetrating our atmosphere. If there were no magnetic field, the Earth would be vulnerable to the destructive effects of cosmic radiation. Scientists believe that this is precisely what happened on Mars.
2. The magnetic environment of Mars. Unlike Earth, Mars does not have a magnetic field. However, it does have magnetic poles similar to those found at the bottom of Earth’s oceans. These magnetic poles on Mars are incredibly powerful, extending hundreds of kilometers into the atmosphere. They also interact with cosmic radiation and even produce stunning auroras that have been observed by scientists.
Nevertheless, the absence of a magnetosphere on Mars is a direct result of the lack of liquid water. To ensure the safety of human exploration on the planet’s surface, it is imperative to develop individual protective measures, akin to a personal “magnetic field,” for every individual.
3. The magnetic field of Mercury. Similar to Earth, Mercury benefits from the protection of a magnetosphere. This remarkable discovery was made back in 1974. Furthermore, the planet possesses both north and south magnetic poles, with the south pole being exposed to significantly more radiation in comparison to its northern counterpart.
A fascinating new discovery has been made on the planet Mercury – the presence of magnetic tornadoes. These incredible phenomena are characterized by twisted beams that originate in the planet’s magnetic field and extend into interplanetary space. The magnetic tornadoes on Mercury can span an impressive area of up to 800 kilometers wide, covering a significant portion of the planet’s radius.
4. The Magnetosphere of Venus. Venus, often referred to as Earth’s twin, possesses its own magnetic field, albeit a weak one. In fact, Venus’ magnetic field is approximately 10,000 times weaker than Earth’s. The exact reasons behind this significant disparity have yet to be determined by the scientific community.
5. Jupiter and Saturn’s magnetospheres. The magnetosphere of Jupiter is 20,000 times more powerful than that of Earth and is recognized as the largest in our solar system. The magnetosphere contains charged particles that intermittently engage with other celestial bodies, resulting in detrimental effects on their protective layers.
The magnetic field of Saturn is notable due to its complete alignment with its axis of rotation, a characteristic not observed in other planets.
6. The magnetic field of Uranus and Neptune. The magnetospheres of Uranus and Neptune are distinct from those of other planets as they possess two north and two south poles each. However, the specific origin and interaction of these fields with interplanetary space remain unclear.
The Biggest Planet in the Universe
TrES-4 holds the title of being the largest planet in the entire Universe. Its immense size was only brought to light in 2006 when it was first discovered. TrES-4 belongs to the constellation Hercules and is located a staggering 1,400 light years away from Earth.
The planet TrES-4 is significantly larger than Jupiter, with a size that is 1.7 times greater than Jupiter’s radius of 69,911 kilometers. Additionally, TrES-4 boasts a scorching temperature of 1,260°C. Scientists have determined that this colossal planet lacks a solid surface and is primarily composed of hydrogen.
The tiniest planet in existence
In the year 2013, astronomers made an astounding discovery – a planet known as Kepler-37b, which holds the distinction of being the smallest planet ever observed in the entire universe. Kepler-37b is one of three planets that orbit around the star Kepler-37.
The precise dimensions of Kepler-37b have yet to be determined, however, it is believed to be similar in size to the Moon, which has a radius of 1737.1 km. Presumably, Kepler-37b is primarily composed of rock.
Giant satellites and the tiniest satellites in outer space
Ganymede, a satellite of Jupiter, holds the title for being the biggest satellite in the cosmos at present. With a diameter of 5270 kilometers, Ganymede is primarily made up of ice and silicates. Its core consists of liquid, and scientists have even proposed the existence of water within it. Additionally, Ganymede possesses its own magnetosphere and an extremely thin atmosphere that contains oxygen.
S/2010 J 2, a satellite of Jupiter, holds the title for being the tiniest satellite in the entire universe. With a diameter of 2 kilometers, it was first identified in 2010. At present, scientists are diligently studying the intricate features of this satellite using advanced tools and technologies.
The universe remains a vast mystery to humanity, with both familiar and unfamiliar aspects. This ever-changing expanse of space continues to elude complete understanding. Despite the tremendous increase in human knowledge compared to our ancestors, scientists assert that the most profound revelations about the universe are still awaiting discovery.
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Astronomers make a groundbreaking discovery: a planet with a size 8 times greater than that of Jupiter
Tags: Technology, Science
Epsilon, which is located in the Taurus constellation, is the fifth brightest star and has a mass three times that of the Sun and a volume 14 times larger. The star’s position in the sky can be viewed on the accompanying map….
A team of Japanese astronomers have made a groundbreaking revelation of a massive planet within the Epsilon (ε) system in the Taurus constellation. This celestial body surpasses Jupiter in size as it is eight times larger. Jupiter.
Epsilon, the fifth brightest star in the Taurus constellation, boasts a mass three times that of the Sun and a volume 14 times larger. The star’s location in the sky can be observed on the map provided below…..
